Desarrollo y validación española de la escala de sucesos vitales estresantes (SVE-I) en escolares (8-12 años) / Development and validation of the stressful life events questionnaire (SVE-I) for Spanish children (8-12 years old)

La acumulación de Sucesos Vitales Estresantes (SVE) supone un factor de riesgo para la salud mental en la infancia, sin embargo, no contamos con un cuestionario en español validado en la segunda infancia. Este estudio presenta el desarrollo y la validación de una nueva escala (SVE-I) de autoinforme para evaluar la acumulación de SVE en menores de 8 a 12 años españoles. Un panel de expertas participó en la evaluación de la adecuación de la escala. Se realizaron comprobaciones en un grupo focal para asegurar la aceptabilidad y comprensión de los ítems. 504 menores de cuatro centros escolares de Madrid (Medad = 10.1; DTedad = 1.28; 56.5 % chicos) participaron en el estudio, completando la batería de cuestionarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró una estructura de tres factores (estrés familiar, estrés socio-escolar y salud), con una consistencia interna de la escala global adecuada (αordinal = .83). Para la evidencia de validez concurrente, se encontró una asociación positiva entre la acumulación de SVE y la sintomatología ansiosa de los menores. Los resultados indican que la SVE-I es un instrumento válido y fiable. Esta escala pretende ser una herramienta sencilla y útil para el cribado de casos en riesgo desde la escuela y Atención Primaria. (AU)

The accumulation of Stressful Life Events (SVE) is a risk factor for mental health in childhood, however, there is no adequate questionnaire validated in Spanish for its use during childhood. This study presents the development and validation of a new scale (SVE-I), a self-report questionnaire for assessing the accumulation of SVE in Spanish children aged 8 to 12 years. A panel of experts evaluated the adequacy of the scale. The acceptability and understanding of the items were ensured by a small focus group. 504 children from four schools in Madrid (Mage = 10.1; SDage = 1.28; 56.5 % boys) participated in the study, completing a battery of questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a structure of three factors: (family stress, socio-school stress, and health), with an adequate internal consistency of the global scale (α = .83). For concurrent validity, a positive association was found between the accumulation of EVS and the anxious symptomatology of the children. The results indicate that the SVE-I is a valid and reliable instrument. This scale aims to be a useful tool in the school context and clinical practice. (AU)

ENTREN-F family-system based intervention for managing childhood obesity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial at primary care.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric obesity is a primary public health concern, and designing effective programs for managing it is of the utmost importance. The objective of this study was to describe the protocol study of a three-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of a family-system-based intervention ("ENTREN-F" program) for managing childhood obesity, compared to the "ENTREN" program (no "F" - without specific family-system-based workshop) and a control group (behavioral monitoring). METHODS/DESIGN: The ENTREN-F program was a multicomponent family-system-based intervention carried out by a multidisciplinary team in the primary health care setting. The program targeted children between 8 and 12 years with overweight and obesity (P ≥ 85th). Parents were actively involved in the process. The contents were designed using the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. The program comprised individual behavioral monitoring, a healthy habits workshop for children and their parents, a CBT workshop for children, and a family-system-based workshop for parents, enhancing parental management skills plus family functioning. The trial's primary outcomes included changes in child body mass index (BMI) z-scores, child's psychological well-being, and family functioning over six months. Secondary outcomes included changes in eating behavior, physical activity, self-esteem, parental distress, parental feeding practices, and parental modeling. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is one of the few randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of a multicomponent program that considers health from a comprehensive perspective, trying to improve children's psychological well-being and family functioning besides weight loss. This study, therefore, addresses a gap in the literature. If found to be efficacious, it suggests a new potential health service for translation into National Primary Health Care services in Spain, one of the ten countries with the highest prevalence of obesity in Europe.

Assessing image-based sexual abuse: Measurement, prevalence, and temporal stability of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting ("revenge porn") among adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to develop a new measure of victimization and perpetration of two frequent forms of image-based sexual abuse, namely sextortion (i.e., the threat of distributing sexual images to pressure the victim into doing something) and nonconsensual sexting (i.e., distributing sexual images of someone without the consent of the victim). Additional aims were to analyze the prevalence of these forms of victimization and perpetration and to examine their temporal stability over a 1-year period. METHODS: The sample was made up of 1820 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.38, SD = 1.42; 929 girls, 878 boys, 3 nonbinary, and 10 did not indicate gender) who completed self-report instruments on image-based sexual abuse and related variables (e.g., cyberbullying victimization). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a structure composed of the four hypothesized factors: sextortion victimization and perpetration, and nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration. Higher sexting, cyberbullying victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had stronger associations with image-based sexual victimization than with perpetration, which showed evidence of concurrent validity. Prevalence was 2.6% and 0.7% for sextortion victimization and perpetration, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.9% for nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration, respectively. Temporal stability over 1 year was .26 for sextortion victimization, .19 for nonconsensual sexting victimization, .33 for nonconsensual sexting perpetration (all ps < .001), and nonsignificant for sextortion perpetration. The stability of nonconsensual sexting victimization was significantly higher for girls compared to boys, whereas nonconsensual sexting perpetration was more stable over 1 year for boys. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies must advance the analysis of the predictors and consequences of image-based sexual abuse among adolescents to better prevent this problem. Prevalence of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting is not negligible, and these problems should be particularly addressed in prevention programs.